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- 17. Duncan Nimmo, Reform and Division in the Franciscan Order (1226-1538) (Rome: Capuchin Historical Institute, 1987) 56.
- 1C 35: "conferebant . . . utrum inter homines conversari deberent, an ad loca solitaria se conferre." Cf. Grado G. Merlo, "Eremitism in Medieval Franciscanism," in Franciscan Solitude, edited by Andre Cirino and Josef Raischl (St. Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute Publications, 1995).
- Angelo Clareno, Chronicon seu Historia septem tribulationum ordinis Minorum, edited by Alberto Ghinato (Rome, 1959), 50.
- Duncan Nimmo, Reform and Division 150.
- The passage quoted above continues: "Upon hearing these words, blessed Francis was filled with immense joy and, blessing him, said: ‘What you have asked for has been granted by Christ and by me.’ "
- Cf. 1C 38.
- Cusato maintains that Caesar’s death was prior to May 1239, the deposition of Brother Elias as General Minister, and probably after March 28, 1238, the promulgation of Pope Gregory IX’s Cum secundum consilium directed at those living in hermitages. Since Caesar had been given pemission to "live alone," he was one of them.