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stay with you. So tell us what we can do to save our souls." In response, they established, in every city they could, reclusive monasteries for doing penance.a They also appointed one of the brothers their visitator and corrector.b
Similarly, married men said: "We have wives who will not permit us to send them away. Teach us, therefore, the way that we can take more securely." The brothers founded an order for them, called the Order of Penitents, and had it approved by the Supreme Pontiff.c
- The Latin text reads monasteria reclusa ad paenitentiam faciendam [reclusive monasteries for doing penance], a passage that clearly suggests the life of Saint Clare and the Poor Ladies. Nonetheless, reclusa [reclusive] suggests the flexibility of religious movements of women at this time, i.e., women recluses, who embraced perpetual seclusion from the surrounding environment, lived differently than enclosed women, who entered into a stable environment, the enclosure, separated from the world. Cf. Mario Sensi, “The Woman’s Recluse Movement in Umbria during the 13th and 14th Centuries,” GR 8 (1994): 319-345.
- The role of a visitator had its origins with the Cistercian Charter of Love in which the abbot was bound to visit the monasteries entrusted to his care. Very often the abbot assigned another monk to this task, especially when the monastery involved was one of nuns. The first visitator of the Poor Ladies was a Cistercian, Ambrose, who held that position from 1218-1219. He was succeeded by Brother Philip the Tall. Cf. Vincentius Hermans, Commentarium Cistercense: Historico-Practicum in Codicis Canones de Religiosis (Rome: Tipografia Pio X, 1961), 168.
- Cf. Raoul Manselli, “Francis of Assisi and Lay People Living in the World: Beginning of the Third Order,” GR 11 (1997): 41-48. For a comparative treatment of the origins of the Third Order, now known as the Secular Franciscan Order, see Octavian Schmucki, “The Third Order in the Biographies of St. Francis,” GR 6 (1992): 81-107.